Antimicrobial therapy is a research field and clinical discipline focused on the development, evaluation, and application of pharmacological agents designed to selectively inhibit or eliminate microbial pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, responsible for infectious diseases. This domain investigates the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and resistance patterns of antimicrobial agents, aiming to optimize therapeutic strategies and mitigate the public health threat posed by infectious agents and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.